{"id":1720,"date":"2024-04-01T13:07:38","date_gmt":"2024-04-01T10:07:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/?p=1720"},"modified":"2024-06-17T13:11:12","modified_gmt":"2024-06-17T10:11:12","slug":"clasificarea-compusilororganici-in-functie-de-natura-grupei-functionale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/?p=1720","title":{"rendered":"Clasificarea compu\u015filororganici \u00een func\u0163ie de natura grupei func\u0163ionale"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Compu\u0219ii organici sunt clasifica\u021bi \u00een func\u021bie de natura grupei func\u021bionale prezente \u00een structura lor, ceea ce determin\u0103 propriet\u0103\u021bile chimice \u0219i fizice specifice ale acestora. O grup\u0103 func\u021bional\u0103 este un grup specific de atomi \u00een cadrul unei molecule care este responsabil pentru reac\u021biile chimice caracteristice ale acelei molecule. Iat\u0103 principalele clase de compu\u0219i organici bazate pe grupurile func\u021bionale:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Hidrocarburi<\/strong><br>Hidrocarburile sunt compu\u0219i alc\u0103tui\u021bi exclusiv din atomi de carbon \u0219i hidrogen. Ele sunt \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bite \u00een:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Alcani<\/strong>: Hidrocarburi saturate cu leg\u0103turi simple C-C (ex. metan, etan).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Alchene<\/strong>: Hidrocarburi nesaturate cu una sau mai multe leg\u0103turi duble C=C (ex. etilen\u0103, propilen\u0103).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Alchine<\/strong>: Hidrocarburi nesaturate cu una sau mai multe leg\u0103turi triple C\u2261C (ex. acetilen\u0103).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Arene<\/strong>: Hidrocarburi aromatice cu cicluri conjugate (ex. benzen, toluen).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Halogenuri de alchil<\/strong><br>Acestea sunt hidrocarburi \u00een care unul sau mai mul\u021bi atomi de hidrogen sunt \u00eenlocui\u021bi cu atomi de halogen (fluor, clor, brom, iod). Exemplu: clorura de metil (CH\u2083Cl).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Alcooli<\/strong><br>Alcoolii con\u021bin grupa func\u021bional\u0103 hidroxil (-OH) ata\u0219at\u0103 la un atom de carbon saturat. Exemple: metanol (CH\u2083OH), etanol (C\u2082H\u2085OH).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Eteri<\/strong><br>Eterii con\u021bin un atom de oxigen legat la doi atomi de carbon prin leg\u0103turi simple C-O-C. Exemple: dimetileter (CH\u2083OCH\u2083), dietileter (C\u2082H\u2085OC\u2082H\u2085).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aldehide \u0219i cetone<\/strong><br>Acestea con\u021bin grupa carbonil (C=O):<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Aldehide<\/strong>: Grupul carbonil este situat la cap\u0103tul unui lan\u021b carbonic (ex. formaldehid\u0103, acetaldehid\u0103).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cetone<\/strong>: Grupul carbonil este situat \u00een interiorul lan\u021bului carbonic (ex. aceton\u0103, butanon\u0103).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Acizi carboxilici<\/strong><br>Acizii carboxilici con\u021bin grupa carboxil (-COOH). Exemple: acid acetic (CH\u2083COOH), acid benzoic (C\u2086H\u2085COOH).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Esteri<\/strong><br>Esterii sunt deriva\u021bi ai acizilor carboxilici \u00een care grupa hidroxil (-OH) este \u00eenlocuit\u0103 cu un grup alcoxil (-OR). Exemple: acetat de etil (CH\u2083COOCH\u2082CH\u2083).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Amini<\/strong><br>Aminii con\u021bin gruparea func\u021bional\u0103 amino (-NH\u2082, -NHR, -NR\u2082). Exemple: metilamin\u0103 (CH\u2083NH\u2082), dimetilamin\u0103 (CH\u2083NHCH\u2083).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Amide<\/strong><br>Amidele con\u021bin gruparea func\u021bional\u0103 (-CONH\u2082, -CONHR, -CONR\u2082). Exemple: acetamid\u0103 (CH\u2083CONH\u2082), N-metilacetamid\u0103 (CH\u2083CONHCH\u2083).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nitra\u021bi \u0219i Nitrocompu\u0219i<\/strong><br>Nitrocompu\u0219ii con\u021bin gruparea func\u021bional\u0103 nitro (-NO\u2082). Exemple: nitrobenzen (C\u2086H\u2085NO\u2082), nitrometan (CH\u2083NO\u2082).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Clasificarea compu\u0219ilor organici \u00een func\u021bie de natura grupei func\u021bionale permite o mai bun\u0103 \u00een\u021belegere a reactivit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i comportamentului lor chimic, facilit\u00e2nd astfel studierea \u0219i aplicarea lor \u00een diferite domenii ale chimiei \u0219i industriilor aferente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-a4827703-98a3-4ce9-aab7-152e42eeb04c\" href=\"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1-Clasificarea-compusilor-organici.pptx\">PPT   Clasificarea  compu\u0219ilor  organici     <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1-Clasificarea-compusilor-organici.pptx\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-a4827703-98a3-4ce9-aab7-152e42eeb04c\">Descarc\u0103<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1000\" height=\"572\" src=\"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1a-Clasificarea-compusilor-organici.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1722\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1a-Clasificarea-compusilor-organici.png 1000w, https:\/\/cedra.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1a-Clasificarea-compusilor-organici-300x172.png 300w, https:\/\/cedra.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1a-Clasificarea-compusilor-organici-768x439.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Compu\u0219ii organici sunt clasifica\u021bi \u00een func\u021bie de natura grupei func\u021bionale prezente \u00een structura lor, ceea ce determin\u0103 propriet\u0103\u021bile chimice \u0219i fizice specifice ale acestora. O grup\u0103 func\u021bional\u0103 este un grup [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1723,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1720"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1720"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1720\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1724,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1720\/revisions\/1724"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1723"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1720"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1720"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1720"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}