{"id":1991,"date":"2024-03-04T19:09:13","date_gmt":"2024-03-04T17:09:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/?p=1991"},"modified":"2024-07-03T19:20:53","modified_gmt":"2024-07-03T16:20:53","slug":"elemente-de-termodinamica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/?p=1991","title":{"rendered":"Elemente de termodinamic\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-4a81ade0-d959-457a-8acc-ef66d9f7593d\" href=\"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Introducere-in-Termodinamica.pptx\">PREZENTARE    PPTX     Elemente de  termodinamic\u0103        <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Introducere-in-Termodinamica.pptx\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-4a81ade0-d959-457a-8acc-ef66d9f7593d\">Descarc\u0103<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Termodinamica este o ramur\u0103 fundamental\u0103 a fizicii care studiaz\u0103 energia, c\u0103ldura \u0219i transform\u0103rile acesteia. Elementele de baz\u0103 ale termodinamicii se reg\u0103sesc \u00een legile fundamentale, care sunt esen\u021biale pentru \u00een\u021belegerea comportamentului sistemelor termodinamice. Aceste legi descriu rela\u021biile dintre diverse forme de energie \u0219i modul \u00een care acestea sunt transferate \u0219i transformate \u00een procese fizice \u0219i chimice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prima lege a termodinamicii, cunoscut\u0103 \u0219i sub denumirea de legea conserv\u0103rii energiei, afirm\u0103 c\u0103 energia unui sistem \u00eenchis r\u0103m\u00e2ne constant\u0103. Aceasta poate fi transferat\u0103 de la un sistem la altul sau transformat\u0103 dintr-o form\u0103 \u00een alta, dar nu poate fi creat\u0103 sau distrus\u0103. Formula acestei legi este dat\u0103 de \u0394U = Q &#8211; W, unde \u0394U reprezint\u0103 schimbarea energiei interne a sistemului, Q este c\u0103ldura ad\u0103ugat\u0103 sistemului \u0219i W este lucrul mecanic efectuat de sistem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A doua lege a termodinamicii introduce conceptul de entropie, o m\u0103sur\u0103 a dezordinii sau a distribu\u021biei aleatoare a energiei \u00eentr-un sistem. Aceast\u0103 lege afirm\u0103 c\u0103, \u00eentr-un proces natural, entropia unui sistem izolat tinde s\u0103 creasc\u0103, ceea ce implic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 procesele ireversibile conduc la o cre\u0219tere a entropiei. Altfel spus, c\u0103ldura nu poate trece spontan de la un corp mai rece la unul mai cald f\u0103r\u0103 a realiza un anumit lucru mecanic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A treia lege a termodinamicii, cunoscut\u0103 \u0219i sub numele de legea zero absolut, afirm\u0103 c\u0103 pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce temperatura unui sistem se apropie de zero absolut, entropia acestuia se apropie de o valoare constant\u0103 minim\u0103. Aceasta are implica\u021bii importante \u00een comportamentul materialelor la temperaturi extrem de sc\u0103zute \u0219i \u00een stabilirea limitelor teoretice pentru eficien\u021ba ma\u0219inilor termice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen concluzie, elementele de baz\u0103 ale termodinamicii, reprezentate de legile fundamentale \u0219i conceptele de energie, c\u0103ldur\u0103 \u0219i entropie, sunt esen\u021biale pentru \u00een\u021belegerea \u0219i analiza comportamentului sistemelor fizice \u0219i chimice. Aceste principii stau la baza numeroaselor aplica\u021bii practice, de la proiectarea motoarelor \u0219i refrigeratoarelor p\u00e2n\u0103 la studiul fenomenelor naturale \u0219i industriale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1000\" height=\"619\" src=\"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/I-2-echilibrul-termodinamic-si-procese-termodinamice-poza8-schema-mentala-procese-termodinamice.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1994\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/I-2-echilibrul-termodinamic-si-procese-termodinamice-poza8-schema-mentala-procese-termodinamice.png 1000w, https:\/\/cedra.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/I-2-echilibrul-termodinamic-si-procese-termodinamice-poza8-schema-mentala-procese-termodinamice-300x186.png 300w, https:\/\/cedra.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/I-2-echilibrul-termodinamic-si-procese-termodinamice-poza8-schema-mentala-procese-termodinamice-768x475.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1000\" height=\"621\" src=\"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/I-2-echilibrul-termodinamic-si-procese-termodinamice-poza1-schema-mentala-clasificarea-sistemelor-termodinamice.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1995\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/I-2-echilibrul-termodinamic-si-procese-termodinamice-poza1-schema-mentala-clasificarea-sistemelor-termodinamice.png 1000w, https:\/\/cedra.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/I-2-echilibrul-termodinamic-si-procese-termodinamice-poza1-schema-mentala-clasificarea-sistemelor-termodinamice-300x186.png 300w, https:\/\/cedra.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/I-2-echilibrul-termodinamic-si-procese-termodinamice-poza1-schema-mentala-clasificarea-sistemelor-termodinamice-768x477.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Echilibru-termodinamic.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1996\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Echilibru-termodinamic.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cedra.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Echilibru-termodinamic-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Termodinamica este o ramur\u0103 fundamental\u0103 a fizicii care studiaz\u0103 energia, c\u0103ldura \u0219i transform\u0103rile acesteia. Elementele de baz\u0103 ale termodinamicii se reg\u0103sesc \u00een legile fundamentale, care sunt esen\u021biale pentru \u00een\u021belegerea comportamentului [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1993,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1991"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1991"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1991\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1997,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1991\/revisions\/1997"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1993"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1991"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1991"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1991"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}