{"id":2004,"date":"2024-02-08T23:02:15","date_gmt":"2024-02-08T21:02:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/?p=2004"},"modified":"2024-07-03T23:11:52","modified_gmt":"2024-07-03T20:11:52","slug":"atmosfera-caracteristici-generale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/?p=2004","title":{"rendered":"Atmosfera \u2013 caracteristici generale"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-c01da710-37dc-4a54-bc7c-eba8c2dc6585\" href=\"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Atmosfera.-Caracteristici-generale.pptx\">PREZENTARE  PPRX                    Atmosfera. Caracteristici   generale     <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Atmosfera.-Caracteristici-generale.pptx\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-c01da710-37dc-4a54-bc7c-eba8c2dc6585\">Descarc\u0103<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Atmosfera este stratul de gaze care \u00eenconjoar\u0103 P\u0103m\u00e2ntul, av\u00e2nd rol esen\u021bial \u00een men\u021binerea vie\u021bii pe planet\u0103. Aceasta este compus\u0103 dintr-o combina\u021bie de azot (aproximativ 78%), oxigen (aproximativ 21%) \u0219i alte gaze \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi mai mici, cum ar fi argonul, dioxidul de carbon, neonul, heliul, metanul, kryptonul \u0219i hidrogenul. Atmosfera are o grosime de aproximativ 480 de kilometri \u0219i este \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit\u0103 \u00een mai multe straturi, fiecare av\u00e2nd caracteristici distincte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Primul strat este troposfera, care se extinde de la suprafa\u021ba P\u0103m\u00e2ntului p\u00e2n\u0103 la aproximativ 12 kilometri altitudine. Aici are loc majoritatea fenomenelor meteorologice, cum ar fi ploaia, z\u0103pada \u0219i v\u00e2ntul. Temperaturile scad odat\u0103 cu altitudinea \u00een troposfer\u0103, ajung\u00e2nd la aproximativ -60\u00b0C la limita superioar\u0103, numit\u0103 tropopauz\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Deasupra troposferei se afl\u0103 stratosfera, care se \u00eentinde p\u00e2n\u0103 la aproximativ 50 de kilometri altitudine. Un aspect notabil al stratosferei este prezen\u021ba stratului de ozon, care absoarbe majoritatea radia\u021biilor ultraviolete d\u0103un\u0103toare emise de soare. \u00cen acest strat, temperaturile cresc odat\u0103 cu altitudinea, datorit\u0103 absorb\u021biei radia\u021biilor ultraviolete de c\u0103tre ozon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Urmeaz\u0103 mezosfera, care se \u00eentinde p\u00e2n\u0103 la aproximativ 85 de kilometri altitudine. \u00cen acest strat, temperaturile scad din nou, ajung\u00e2nd la valori extrem de sc\u0103zute, \u00een jurul a -90\u00b0C. Mezosfera este stratul \u00een care majoritatea meteori\u021bilor ard la intrarea \u00een atmosfera terestr\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Deasupra mezosferei se afl\u0103 termosfera, care se extinde p\u00e2n\u0103 la aproximativ 600 de kilometri altitudine. \u00cen acest strat, temperaturile cresc semnificativ, ating\u00e2nd valori de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 2000\u00b0C sau mai mult, datorit\u0103 absorb\u021biei radia\u021biilor solare de mare energie. Termosfera include \u0219i ionosfera, un sub-strat bogat \u00een ioni \u0219i electroni liberi, care joac\u0103 un rol crucial \u00een propagarea undelor radio pe P\u0103m\u00e2nt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ultimul strat este exosfera, care se extinde de la limita superioar\u0103 a termosferei p\u00e2n\u0103 la spa\u021biul cosmic. Exosfera este compus\u0103 \u00een principal din hidrogen \u0219i heliu \u0219i reprezint\u0103 tranzi\u021bia c\u0103tre vidul spa\u021biului. \u00cen acest strat, particulele de gaz sunt foarte rare, iar densitatea lor scade gradual p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd se contopesc cu mediul interplanetar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Atmosfera P\u0103m\u00e2ntului este esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru protejarea vie\u021bii, oferind un scut \u00eempotriva radia\u021biilor nocive \u0219i men\u021bin\u00e2nd temperaturile \u00eentr-un interval favorabil vie\u021bii. De asemenea, atmosfera joac\u0103 un rol crucial \u00een ciclul apei \u0219i \u00een circula\u021bia aerului, influen\u021b\u00e2nd clima \u0219i condi\u021biile meteorologice globale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"331\" height=\"152\" src=\"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/aaaAtmosfera-\u2013-caracteristici-generale.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2007\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/aaaAtmosfera-\u2013-caracteristici-generale.jpeg 331w, https:\/\/cedra.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/aaaAtmosfera-\u2013-caracteristici-generale-300x138.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 331px) 100vw, 331px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/aAtmosfera-\u2013-caracteristici-generale.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2008\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/aAtmosfera-\u2013-caracteristici-generale.jpg 720w, https:\/\/cedra.academy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/aAtmosfera-\u2013-caracteristici-generale-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Atmosfera este stratul de gaze care \u00eenconjoar\u0103 P\u0103m\u00e2ntul, av\u00e2nd rol esen\u021bial \u00een men\u021binerea vie\u021bii pe planet\u0103. Aceasta este compus\u0103 dintr-o combina\u021bie de azot (aproximativ 78%), oxigen (aproximativ 21%) \u0219i alte [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2005,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2004"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2004"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2004\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2009,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2004\/revisions\/2009"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2005"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2004"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2004"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2004"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}