{"id":2029,"date":"2024-07-10T20:16:14","date_gmt":"2024-07-10T17:16:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/?p=2029"},"modified":"2024-08-14T20:27:38","modified_gmt":"2024-08-14T17:27:38","slug":"stefan-cel-mare-simbol-al-moldovei","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/?p=2029","title":{"rendered":"\u0218tefan cel Mare – Simbol al Moldovei"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
PPT \u0218tefan cel Mare-un Simbol al Moldovei <\/a>Descarc\u0103<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0218tefan al III-lea<\/strong> (n. 1438<\/a>–1439<\/a>, Borze\u0219ti<\/a> \u2013 d. 2 iulie<\/a> 1504<\/a>, Suceava<\/a>), supranumit \u0218tefan cel Mare<\/strong> sau, dup\u0103 canonizarea<\/a> sa de c\u0103tre Biserica Ortodox\u0103 Rom\u00e2n\u0103<\/a>, \u0218tefan cel Mare \u0219i Sf\u00e2nt<\/strong>, a fost domnul<\/a> Moldovei<\/a> \u00eentre anii 1457<\/a> \u0219i 1504<\/a>. A fost fiul lui Bogdan al II-lea<\/a>, domnind timp de 47 de ani, cea mai lung\u0103 domnie din epoca medieval\u0103 din \u021a\u0103rile Rom\u00e2ne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0218tefan cel Mare este considerat o personalitate marcant\u0103 a istoriei Rom\u00e2niei, \u00eenzestrat\u0103 cu mari calit\u0103\u021bi de om de stat, diplomat \u0219i conduc\u0103tor militar. Aceste calit\u0103\u021bi i-au permis s\u0103 treac\u0103 cu bine peste momentele de criz\u0103 major\u0103, generate fie de interven\u021biile militare ale statelor vecine fie de \u00eencerc\u0103ri, din interior sau sprijinite din exteriorul \u021b\u0103rii, de \u00eendep\u0103rtare a sa de la domnie. \u00cen timpul domniei sale Moldova atinge apogeul dezvolt\u0103rii sale statale, cunosc\u00e2nd o perioad\u0103 \u00eendelungat\u0103 de stabilitate intern\u0103, prosperitate economic\u0103 \u0219i lini\u0219te social\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pe plan intern \u0219i-a bazat regimul pe o nou\u0103 clas\u0103 conduc\u0103toare format\u0103 din oameni proveni\u021bi preponderent din mica boierime, ridica\u021bi la demnit\u0103\u021bi pe baza meritelor militare, loialit\u0103\u021bii fa\u021b\u0103 de domn sau a \u00eenrudirii apropiate cu acesta. De asemenea a sprijinit foarte mult dezvoltarea r\u0103ze\u0219imii<\/a> prin \u00eempropriet\u0103riri colective ale ob\u0219tilor de r\u0103ze\u0219i, \u00een special \u00een urma r\u0103zboaielor \u0219i b\u0103t\u0103liilor purtate, fapt care i-a asigurat loialitatea acestei clase, lini\u0219tea social\u0103 \u00een \u021bar\u0103 \u0219i for\u021ba uman\u0103 pentru a avea o armat\u0103 de mas\u0103 – \u201eoastea cea mare\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pe plan extern a reu\u0219it s\u0103 duc\u0103 o politic\u0103 realist\u0103 av\u00e2nd dou\u0103 mari linii directoare: impunerea sau sus\u021binerea unor conduc\u0103tori favorabili \u00een \u021b\u0103rile vecine mici \u2013 \u021aara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103<\/a> \u0219i Hanatul Crimeii<\/a> \u2013 \u0219i o politic\u0103 de alian\u021be care s\u0103 nu permit\u0103 nici uneia din marile \u021b\u0103ri vecine \u2013 Imperiul Otoman<\/a>, Regatul Poloniei<\/a> \u0219i Regatul Ungariei<\/a> s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 o pozi\u021bie hegemonic\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de Moldova. A \u00eencercat, f\u0103r\u0103 succes, realizarea unui sistem de alian\u021be interna\u021bionale \u00eempotriva turcilor, trimi\u021b\u00e2nd soli la Papa de la Roma<\/a>, Vene\u021bia<\/a>, Ungaria, Polonia, Cehia \u0219i Persia<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen plan militar a urm\u0103rit dou\u0103 direc\u021bii majore de ac\u021biune. Prima a fost crearea unui sistem de fortifica\u021bii permanent la grani\u021bele \u021b\u0103rii – \u00een timpul s\u0103u construindu-se sau dezvolt\u00e2ndu-se re\u021beaua de cet\u0103\u021bi ce cuprindea cet\u0103\u021bile de la Suceava<\/a>, Neam\u021b<\/a>, Cr\u0103ciuna<\/a>, Chilia<\/a>, Cetatea Alb\u0103<\/a>, Tighina<\/a>, Orhei<\/a>, L\u0103pu\u0219na<\/a> \u0219i Hotin<\/a>. Cea de-a doua direc\u021bie major\u0103 a fost crearea unei armate moderne cu o component\u0103 permanent\u0103, profesionist\u0103 \u0219i semiprofesionist\u0103 \u0219i o component\u0103 de mas\u0103, format\u0103 din corpuri de r\u0103ze\u0219i \u00eenarma\u021bi, mobiliza\u021bi \u00een cazul marilor campanii militare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pe parcursul domniei a dus peste 40 de r\u0103zboaie sau b\u0103t\u0103lii, marea lor majoritate victorioase, cele mai semnificative fiind victoria de la Baia<\/a> asupra lui Matei Corvin<\/a> \u00een 1467<\/a>, victoria de la Lipnic<\/a> \u00eempotriva t\u0103tarilor<\/a>, \u00een 1469<\/a> sau victoria repurtat\u0103 \u00een B\u0103t\u0103lia de la Codrii Cosminului<\/a> asupra regelui Poloniei Ioan Albert<\/a>, \u00een 1497<\/a>. Cel mai mare succes militar l-a reprezentat victoria zdrobitoare din B\u0103t\u0103lia de la Vaslui<\/a> \u00eempotriva unei puternice armate otomane conduse de Soliman-Pa\u0219a<\/a> – beilerbeiul<\/a> Rumeliei<\/a>, la 10 ianuarie<\/a> 1475<\/a>. \u00cen urma pierderii acestei b\u0103t\u0103lii, \u00een anul urm\u0103tor sultanul Mahomed al II-lea<\/a> va conduce \u00een persoan\u0103 o expedi\u021bie \u00een Moldova \u00eencheiat\u0103 cu \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea armatei Moldovei, \u00een b\u0103t\u0103lia de la Valea Alb\u0103-R\u0103zboieni<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dup\u0103 1476, \u0218tefan a fost nevoit s\u0103 accepte suzeranitatea Imperiului Otoman, ob\u021bin\u00e2nd condi\u021bii foarte bune pentru Moldova. \u00cen schimbul unui tribut<\/a> anual modic, \u021bara \u00ee\u0219i conserva intacte institu\u021biile \u0219i autonomia politic\u0103 intern\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0218tefan cel Mare a fost un mare sprijinitor al culturii \u0219i al bisericii, ctitorind un num\u0103r mare de m\u0103n\u0103stiri<\/a> \u0219i biserici<\/a> at\u00e2t \u00een Moldova, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een \u021aara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, Transilvania sau la Muntele Athos<\/a>. Pentru aceste merite a fost canonizat<\/a> de Biserica Ortodox\u0103 Rom\u00e2n\u0103<\/a>, cu numele de \u0218tefan cel Mare \u0219i Sf\u00e2nt<\/em>, la 20 iunie 1992.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A fost c\u0103s\u0103torit<\/a> de trei ori, cu Evdochia<\/a> – fiica marelui cneaz de Kiev, Maria din Mangop<\/a> – din familia imperial\u0103 bizantin\u0103 \u0219i Maria Voichi\u021ba<\/a> – fiica lui Radu cel Frumos<\/a>, c\u0103s\u0103torii \u00een care s-au n\u0103scut \u0219apte copii. \u00cencep\u00e2nd cu 1497 l-a asociat la domnie pe fiul s\u0103u Bogdan al III-lea<\/a>, care-i va succeda la tron. A murit la 2 iulie 1504 fiind \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntat la M\u0103n\u0103stirea Putna<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0218tefan al III-lea (n. 1438–1439, Borze\u0219ti \u2013 d. 2 iulie 1504, Suceava), supranumit \u0218tefan cel Mare sau, dup\u0103 canonizarea sa de c\u0103tre Biserica Ortodox\u0103 Rom\u00e2n\u0103, \u0218tefan cel Mare \u0219i Sf\u00e2nt, a fost domnul Moldovei \u00eentre anii 1457 \u0219i 1504. A fost fiul lui Bogdan al II-lea, domnind timp de 47 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2031,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,12,28,10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2029"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2029"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2029\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2033,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2029\/revisions\/2033"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2031"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2029"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2029"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2029"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}