{"id":2895,"date":"2026-03-06T11:29:37","date_gmt":"2026-03-06T09:29:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/?p=2895"},"modified":"2026-06-03T11:39:27","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T08:39:27","slug":"sistemul-senzorial-vizual-structura-ochiului","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/?p=2895","title":{"rendered":"Sistemul senzorial vizual. Structura ochiului"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Sistemul senzorial vizual. Structura ochiuluiI\" width=\"1140\" height=\"641\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Qg-TZpKO2yk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Sistemul senzorial vizual permite omului s\u0103 perceap\u0103 forma, culoarea, dimensiunea \u0219i mi\u0219carea obiectelor din mediul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor. Organul principal al acestui sistem este ochiul, care capteaz\u0103 lumina \u0219i o transform\u0103 \u00een impulsuri nervoase transmise creierului prin nervul optic. \u00cen creier, aceste impulsuri sunt interpretate \u0219i transformate \u00een imagini.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ochiul are forma aproximativ sferic\u0103 \u0219i este protejat de pleoape, gene \u0219i spr\u00e2ncene. El este alc\u0103tuit din mai multe structuri care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 pentru realizarea vederii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen partea anterioar\u0103 se afl\u0103 <strong>corneea<\/strong>, o membran\u0103 transparent\u0103 prin care p\u0103trunde lumina \u00een ochi. \u00cen spatele corneei se g\u0103se\u0219te <strong>irisul<\/strong>, partea colorat\u0103 a ochiului. \u00cen centrul irisului se afl\u0103 <strong>pupila<\/strong>, un orificiu care regleaz\u0103 cantitatea de lumin\u0103 ce intr\u0103 \u00een ochi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen spatele irisului se afl\u0103 <strong>cristalinul<\/strong>, o lentil\u0103 transparent\u0103 \u0219i elastic\u0103 ce focalizeaz\u0103 razele de lumin\u0103 pe retin\u0103. Cristalinul \u00ee\u0219i poate modifica forma pentru a permite vederea clar\u0103 at\u00e2t la apropiere, c\u00e2t \u0219i la distan\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Interiorul ochiului este umplut cu substan\u021be transparente: <strong>umoarea apoas\u0103<\/strong>, situat\u0103 \u00een partea anterioar\u0103, \u0219i <strong>umoarea vitroas\u0103<\/strong> (corpul vitros), aflat\u0103 \u00eentre cristalin \u0219i retin\u0103. Acestea contribuie la men\u021binerea formei globului ocular \u0219i la transmiterea luminii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stratul intern al ochiului este <strong>retina<\/strong>, o membran\u0103 sensibil\u0103 la lumin\u0103. Retina con\u021bine dou\u0103 tipuri de celule fotoreceptoare: <strong>bastona\u0219ele<\/strong>, responsabile de vederea \u00een lumin\u0103 slab\u0103, \u0219i <strong>conurile<\/strong>, care permit perceperea culorilor \u0219i a detaliilor fine. Lumina este transformat\u0103 aici \u00een impulsuri nervoase care sunt transportate prin <strong>nervul optic<\/strong> c\u0103tre creier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Func\u021bion\u00e2nd asemenea unui aparat fotografic foarte performant, ochiul capteaz\u0103 \u0219i focalizeaz\u0103 lumina, iar creierul transform\u0103 informa\u021biile primite \u00een imaginile pe care le vedem \u00een fiecare zi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sistemul senzorial vizual permite omului s\u0103 perceap\u0103 forma, culoarea, dimensiunea \u0219i mi\u0219carea obiectelor din mediul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor. Organul principal al acestui sistem este ochiul, care capteaz\u0103 lumina \u0219i o transform\u0103 \u00een [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2896,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,20],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2895"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2895"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2895\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2897,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2895\/revisions\/2897"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2895"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2895"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cedra.academy\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2895"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}